BOLD (BEEF IN AN OPTIMAL LEAN DIET) EFFECTS ON METABOLIC SYNDROME (BOLD-X), PHASE 2: A 12-MONTH FOLLOW-UP STUDY
Open Access
- Author:
- Rodavich, Mary Caitlin
- Area of Honors:
- Nutritional Sciences
- Degree:
- Bachelor of Science
- Document Type:
- Thesis
- Thesis Supervisors:
- Penny Kris Etherton, Thesis Supervisor
Rebecca L Corwin, Thesis Honors Advisor
Penny Margaret Kris-Etherton, Thesis Supervisor - Keywords:
- cardiovascular disease
CVD
metabolic syndrome
lipids
lipoproteins
lean beef
BOLD-X
protein intake - Abstract:
- In the United States, the obesity epidemic has been on the rise over the past couple of decades. Overweight and obesity are risk factors for several comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Even a modest reduction in weight can significantly decrease an individual’s risk for these diseases. Weight loss is a very challenging process, but maintaining one’s weight loss over a long period of time can be even more difficult. The BOLD-X study investigated the effects of three diets (BOLD, BOLD+ and modified-DASH) that are low in saturated and total fat but contain variable amounts of total, plant, and animal protein on short-term controlled weight maintenance and weight loss, and free living weight loss. The total duration of the BOLD-X study was 6 months long. This thesis describes results from a one-year follow-up study which assessed the effects of each diet on weight loss maintenance and lipid profiles. Eighteen individuals participated in the one-year follow-up. The results found that for all participants, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), systolic blood pressure (SBP) levels, and sodium intake increased significantly from the weight loss period to the one-year follow-up (p < 0.05). Even though weight increased in the one year follow up for two of the diet treatments (not in the BOLD diet treatment), energy expenditure also increased at the one-year follow-up for each diet. Further research is needed to determine the specific factors that predict weight regain in individuals and a continuation of the BOLD-X one-year follow-up study should be performed in order to include a larger population size and achieve more predictive results.