The Effects Of Vaccination On Transmission Dynamics Of Bordetella Bronchiseptica
Open Access
- Author:
- Jacobs, Nathan Thomas
- Area of Honors:
- Immunology and Infectious Disease
- Degree:
- Bachelor of Science
- Document Type:
- Thesis
- Thesis Supervisors:
- Eric Thomas Harvill, Thesis Supervisor
Dr. Pamela A. Hankey-Giblin, Thesis Honors Advisor
Girish Soorappa Kirimanjeswara, Faculty Reader - Keywords:
- Infectious Disease
Vaccine
Transmission
Whooping Cough
Bordetella - Abstract:
- The communicable nature of infectious diseases requires that public health interventions address them on a population level as well as an individual one. Vaccination has proven effective at preventing disease in vaccinated individuals, but vaccines that prevent transmission between hosts can further reduce the prevalence of disease within a population. B. bronchiseptica, an animal respiratory pathogen that is closely related to B. pertussis, the etiologic agent of whooping cough, colonizes the respiratory tract of mice and persists in the nasal cavities for the life of the animal. Vaccination with heat-killed bacteria does not prevent colonization of the nasal cavities, but does reduce disease pathology and shedding of bacteria from the nares. Studies of bacterial shedding in several immunodeficient strains of mice determined that both antibodies and a cell-mediated TH1 response is required to control shedding of B. bronchiseptica during post-vaccination challenge. Whole-cell B. bronchiseptica vaccination prevented transmission between co-housed mice, but acellular B. pertussis vaccination was only partially effective. These results have implications for vaccine development, as the ability of vaccination to reduce transmission and therefore the population-wide burden of disease depends on the immune response generated by the vaccine. Given the widespread use of acellular B. pertussis vaccine in humans, its protective ability with regard to transmission also warrants further study.